Material Science Arumugam Pdf Free Download
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The other important part of the battery is the electrolyte. The basic science research on electrolyte chemistries and ion transport mechanisms has been equally critical to the success of lithium-ion batteries. There are two types of electrolytes: pure organic electrolytes and solid state electrolytes. In the last few decades, the organic electrolyte chemistry has evolved from the simple lithium salt based electrolytes to the salt-free or organic solvent based electrolytes. This development allows us to adjust the molar percentage of the organic solvents ranging from 30% to 75% with the intent to improve the conductivity of the electrolyte and to lower the cost. With additional improvement in the thermal stability and solvent stability, organic electrolytes have become a dominant electrolyte chemistry for lithium-ion batteries, and they also have enabled the real-world use of lithium-ion batteries in mobile electronics. A new electrolyte-ion transport mechanism has also been observed, i.e., the so-called Lithium-ion Pumping56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63.
The popularity of lithium-ion batteries in electronics and electric vehicles is attributed to the development of a solid electrolyte that enables the all-solid-state rechargeable batteries. While the operational temperature limit is largely dictated by the conductivity of the electrolyte, the temperature of the electrolyte is also limited by the insulating ceramic host materials. By introducing the ceramic-solid electrolyte interface, the mobility of the positive ions becomes limited by the ceramic host matrix. As a result, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is significantly improved. The critical breakthrough in the solid-state electrolyte development was the discovery of the “ionic-liquid-phase-solid” (ILPS) electrolyte phenomenon that was first reported by Berthier and Regnier in the mid-90s. In this electrolyte, the Li+ is dissolved in an organic liquid (ionic liquid) and then transported through the oxide host matrix, as shown in Fig. 1c.
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